The Pakistan Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research (PJVAR) is a biannual peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the publication of original and applied research in veterinary and animal sciences. PJVAR publishes original research articles, short communications, review papers, case reports and editorials covering veterinary and animal sciences, including livestock, companion animals, wildlife, aquaculture, and fisheries. The scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to, veterinary clinical sciences; anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, microbiology, and pathology, infectious and non-infectious diseases; preventive medicine; alternative veterinary medicine, biomedical sciences; animal welfare; One Health and eco-health; veterinary economics, education, and policy; human-animal interactions; and wildlife health & conservation.